Glossary: C

C
Canthus: The angle formed by the meeting of the upper and lower eyelids at either side of the eye.
Carcinoma: An invasive malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue that tends to metastasize to other areas of the body.
Cautery: Use of a device or chemical agent to coagulate or destroy tissue.
CDKN2A: Genetically transmitted familial syndromes with alterations in the CDKN2A gene, which encodes for the tumor-suppressing proteins p16 and p19.
Chemosurgery: Selective destruction of tissue by use of chemicals, as for removing malignant skin lesions.
Cisplatin: A chemotherapy medicine used to treat certain types of cancer by destroying cancerous cells.
Clinical: Involving or based on direct observation of the patient.
Costimulatory: The natural ligand for the T-cell antigen CD28; mediating T- and B-cell adhesion. CD80 is expressed on activated B-cells and gamma-interferon-stimulated monocytes. The binding of CD80 to CD28 and CTLA-4 provides a co-stimulatory signal to T-cells and leads to greatly upregulated lymphokine production.
Cryotherapy: The technique that uses an extremely cold liquid or instrument to freeze and destroy abnormal skin cells that require removal.
Cytokines: Any of several regulatory proteins, such as the interleukins and lymphokines, that are released by cells of the immune system and act as intercellular mediators in the generation of an immune response.